Stomach Cancer

 

Stomach cancer (also known as gastric cancer) originates from the lining of the stomach. This type of cancer is relatively common and can develop in any part of the stomach, spreading to other organs if untreated.

Layers of the GI Tract

Types of Stomach Cancer:

  1. Adenocarcinoma: The most common type, arising from the glandular cells of the stomach lining.
  2. Lymphoma: Originates in the immune system tissues in the stomach wall.
  3. Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumour (GIST): A rare form that begins in the interstitial cells of Cajal in the stomach.
  4. Carcinoid Tumours: Develop from hormone-producing cells in the stomach.

Symptoms:

  • Indigestion or heartburn
  • Loss of appetite
  • Abdominal pain
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
  • Blood in the stool or vomit

Causes and Risk Factors:

  • Helicobacter pylori infection: A major risk factor.
  • Diet: High in smoked, salted, or pickled foods.
  • Smoking: Increases the risk of stomach cancer.
  • Family history: A history of stomach cancer in the family.
  • Chronic gastritis: Long-term inflammation of the stomach lining.
  • Previous stomach surgery: For ulcers or other conditions.

Diagnosis:

  • Endoscopy: Inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera to view the stomach.
  • Biopsy: Taking a tissue sample during endoscopy for lab analysis.
  • Imaging Tests: CT scans, PET scans, and X-rays to determine the extent of cancer.
  • Blood Tests: To check for anaemia or other related issues.

Treatment:


  • Surgery: Removal of part or all of the stomach (gastrectomy).
  • Chemotherapy: To kill cancer cells or shrink tumours before surgery.
  • Radiation therapy: Targeting cancer cells with high-energy rays.
  • Targeted Therapy: Drugs designed to specifically target cancer cells.
  • Immunotherapy: Boosting the immune system to fight cancer.

Prevention:

  • Healthy diet: Rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
  • Avoiding smoking: Reducing the risk of many types of cancer, including stomach cancer.
  • Regular check-ups: Especially if there's a family history or other risk factors.

References:

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